의문문 화법 전환 — wh- / yes-no

핵심 명제

wh-의문문 = ask + wh- + 평서문 어순. yes/no 의문문 = ask if/whether + 평서문 어순.

도치 풀고 평서문 어순으로.

설명

wh-의문문 — 의문사 유지 + 평서문 어순

직접: He asked, "What do you want?"
간접: He asked what I wanted.
(do 빠지고, want → wanted, 어순 평서문으로)

직접: She asked, "Where is your father?"
간접: She asked where my father was.

yes/no 의문문 — if 또는 whether

직접: He asked, "Do you like coffee?"
간접: He asked if I liked coffee.
(또는: He asked whether I liked coffee.)

직접: She asked, "Are you tired?"
간접: She asked if I was tired.

if 와 whether 동의어. whether 가 약간 격식.

변환 단계

1. say/tell → ask/inquire
2. 따옴표 제거 + wh- (또는 if/whether)
3. 도치 풀기 — 평서문 어순
4. 시제 backshift
5. 인칭·시간·장소 변환

도치 풀기 — 핵심

의문문은 do/does/did/be/have/can + 주어 + 동사 형태. 간접화법에선 평서문 어순.

직접: "Do you have time?" (do + 주어 + 동사)
간접: ... if I had time. (주어 + 동사, do 사라짐)

직접: "Are you a student?"
간접: ... if I was a student.

직접: "When will he arrive?"
간접: ... when he would arrive. (when + 주어 + 동사)

ask + 사람 목적어 가능

✓ He asked me, "Do you have time?"
→ He asked me if I had time.

✓ He asked, "Where do you live?"
→ He asked where I lived.

ask 는 사람 목적어 있어도 없어도 OK.

부탁·명령 화법 — ask/tell + O + to V

직접: She said to me, "Please help me."
간접: She asked me to help her.

직접: He said, "Don't be late."
간접: He told me not to be late.

부정 명령은 not + to V.

감탄문 — say + how/what + ...

직접: She said, "How beautiful the sunset is!"
간접: She said (exclaimed) how beautiful the sunset was.

자주 시험 패턴 — 변환 후 다시 평서문

직접: He said, "I am happy."
→ He said that he was happy.

직접: He asked, "Are you happy?"
→ He asked if I was happy.

직접: He said, "Be quiet."
→ He told me to be quiet.

직접: He said, "Don't go."
→ He told me not to go.

실수 가장 잦은 부분

✗ He asked me where do I live.
✓ He asked me where I lived.

✗ He asked me if did I have time.
✓ He asked me if I had time.

✗ He told me to don't be late.
✓ He told me not to be late.

도치 풀기 + do 제거 + 부정 위치.

대표 문장 (외우기)

He asked me where I lived, and told me to come early.

그는 내가 어디 사는지 물었고, 일찍 오라고 했다.

asked me where I lived (wh-의문문 간접) + told me to come early (명령 → tell + to V). 두 핵심.