직접화법 vs 간접화법 — backshift 룰

핵심 명제

따옴표 → that 절. 시제·인칭·시간·장소 모두 변환.

화법 변환은 4가지 동시 변환.

설명

직접화법 vs 간접화법

변환 4 단계

1. 따옴표 제거, that 으로 연결 (생략 가능)
2. 시제 backshift (12-2 / 3-10 참조)
3. 인칭 변환 (말하는 사람 시점으로)
4. 시간·장소 표현 변환

인칭 변환

화자(주어) 와 청자(목적어) 시점에 맞춰 변환.

He said, "I love you."
→ He said (that) he loved her. (I → he, you → her)

She said to me, "You are right."
→ She told me (that) I was right. (You → I)

시간·장소 표현 변환

He said, "I will come tomorrow."
→ He said (that) he would come the next day.

say vs tell

✓ He said, "..." / He said that ~. (목적어 X)
✓ He said to me, "..." (to + 사람)
✓ He told me that ~. (직접 목적어 me)
✗ He said me that ~.
✗ He told that ~.

tell 다음에 사람 목적어 필수, say 다음엔 X.

부정 — say not / tell not

He said, "I am not tired."
→ He said (that) he was not tired.

부정 그대로 변환.

종합 예시

직접: She said to me, "I will visit you here tomorrow."
간접: She told me (that) she would visit me there the next day.

변환:
- said to me → told me
- will → would
- you → me (말하는 사람 시점)
- here → there
- tomorrow → the next day

대표 문장 (외우기)

He said to me, "I will come tomorrow." → He told me that he would come the next day.

said to me → told me + will → would + tomorrow → the next day. 화법 변환 4 단계가 한 줄에.