as if / as though + 가정법

핵심 명제

as if + 가정법 과거 = 마치 ~인 것처럼 (실제 X). as if + had p.p. = 마치 ~였던 것처럼.

I wish 와 같은 시제 룰.

설명

as if + 가정법 과거 (현재 사실 반대)

마치 ~인 것처럼 (실제는 그렇지 않음).

✓ He talks as if he were a doctor. (그는 의사가 아닌데, 의사인 것처럼 말한다)
✓ She acts as if she knew everything. (사실은 모르는데)
✓ He looks as if he were sick. (안 아픈데, 아픈 것처럼)

as if + 가정법 과거완료 (과거 사실 반대)

마치 ~였던 것처럼 (실제는 그렇지 않았음).

✓ He talks as if he had been rich. (부자였던 적 없는데)
✓ She acts as if she had won the prize. (안 받았는데)

시제 표

as if + 직설법 — 사실일 가능성 있음

화자가 실제로 그럴 수도 있다고 생각할 때는 직설법.

✓ He looks as if he is sick. (직설법 — 실제 아픈 것 같다)
✓ It looks as if it will rain. (비올 것 같다)

같은 as if 인데 시제로 의미 다름:

• 가정법 과거: 사실 반대
• 직설법: 사실일 가능성

as though = as if (완전 동의어)

✓ He talks as though he were a king.
✓ She acts as though she had seen a ghost.

격식·문어체에서 as though 가 선호되기도 함.

like — 구어 (격식 X)

like 도 같은 의미로 쓰임 (구어).

✓ He acts like he were the boss. (구어, 비표준)
✓ She talks like she knew everything. (구어)

격식 글에선 as if / as though 사용.

예시 비교

✓ He drinks as if there were no tomorrow. (마치 내일이 없는 것처럼 — 실제 있음)
✓ She runs as if she were a horse. (말이 아닌데)
✓ He talks as if he had met the president. (만난 적 없는데)

대표 문장 (외우기)

He talks as if he were a doctor, but he acts as if he had never studied medicine.

그는 의사인 것처럼 말하지만, 의학을 공부한 적 없는 것처럼 행동한다.

as if were (현재 반대) + as if had + p.p. (과거 반대). 두 시제.