핵심 명제
if 생략 + 동사 앞으로 도치 = 격식 가정법. Were I / Had I / Should I.
격식 글·연설에서 자주 등장.
설명
도치 가능한 3가지 형태
if 절에서 다음 3 동사가 있을 때, if 생략 + 동사 + 주어 도치 가능.
| 원래 형태 | 도치 형태 |
|---|---|
| If + 주어 + were | Were + 주어 |
| If + 주어 + had + p.p. | Had + 주어 + p.p. |
| If + 주어 + should + V | Should + 주어 + V |
1) Were + 주어 (가정법 과거)
원래: If I were you, I wouldn't do that.
도치: Were I you, I wouldn't do that.
원래: If she were here, she would help.
도치: Were she here, she would help.
2) Had + 주어 + p.p. (가정법 과거완료)
원래: If I had known, I would have told you.
도치: Had I known, I would have told you.
원래: If you had been there, you would have seen it.
도치: Had you been there, you would have seen it.
가장 자주 출제되는 패턴.
3) Should + 주어 + V (가정법 미래·격식)
should 는 "혹시 ~한다면" 미약한 가정.
원래: If you should have any questions, please contact me.
도치: Should you have any questions, please contact me.
격식 비즈니스 메일 단골.
도치형의 부정
부정형은 not 위치를 그대로.
✓ Had I not been late, I wouldn't have missed the bus.
= If I had not been late, ...
✓ Were it not for your help, I would fail.
= If it were not for your help, ... (= Without your help)
Were it not for / Had it not been for — 관용
| 표현 | 의미 |
|---|---|
| Were it not for ~ | ~이 없다면 (가정법 과거) |
| Had it not been for ~ | ~이 없었다면 (가정법 과거완료) |
| (= If it were not for / If it had not been for) | (도치 안 한 형태) |
| (= But for / Without) | 더 짧은 표현 |
✓ Were it not for water, we would die. (물 없으면)
✓ Had it not been for your advice, I would have failed. (네 충고 없었더라면)
✓ But for your help, I would be lost. (= Without)
도치 vs 일반 — 의미는 같음, 격식만 다름
일상: If I were you, ...
격식: Were I you, ...
뜻 동일. 격식·연설·법률·비즈니스에 도치 자주.
도치의 다른 패턴 — 단원 13 에서
가정법 외 도치 (Never, Hardly, Not only) 는 단원 13 inversion-negative 에서.
대표 문장 (외우기)
Had I known earlier, I would have decided differently. — Were it not for your help, I would fail.
더 일찍 알았더라면 다르게 결정했을 텐데. 네 도움이 없으면 나는 실패할 것이다.
Had I known (도치 — 가정법 과거완료) + Were it not for (관용 도치). 두 핵심 패턴.