5형식 수동태 — 사역·지각동사 to부정사

핵심 명제

사역·지각동사 능동의 원형부정사가 수동태에서는 to부정사로 부활.

이 한 규칙이 5형식 수동태의 핵심.

설명

(2-5 sentence-5 에서 능동 5형식 + 5-5 에서 to 부활 다룸. 본 단원은 수동태 측면 정리.)

5형식 수동태 — 능동 OC 형태가 그대로 살아남

사역동사 — 능동 원형 → 수동 to V

능동: My mom made me clean my room. (원형 clean)
수동: I was made to clean my room (by my mom). (to clean 부활)

능동: The teacher had us memorize the poem.
수동: We were had to memorize. (had 의 수동은 어색 — let/make 와 달리)

능동: He let me go.
수동: I was allowed to go (by him). (let 의 수동은 보통 was allowed to 로 대체)

make → was made to 가 가장 표준. let / have 는 수동에서 다른 동사로 대체 (be allowed to 등).

지각동사 — 능동 원형 → 수동 to V

능동: I saw him enter.
수동: He was seen to enter (by me).

능동: We heard her sing.
수동: She was heard to sing.

진행감 -ing 는 수동에서도 -ing 유지:

능동: I saw him crossing the street.
수동: He was seen crossing the street.

get + O + p.p. — 또 다른 사역

get 사역 형태도 수동 가능.

능동: I got my hair cut. (머리를 자르게 했다)
변환 (의미상 수동 자체): My hair was cut.

get + O + p.p. 자체가 이미 사역 + 수동 의미.

help + O + (to) V — 양쪽 다 OK

수동에서도 둘 다 가능:

능동: She helped me carry the bag.
수동: I was helped to carry the bag.

that 절 수동태 — 두 형태

believe, say, think, expect, report, know 등 that 절 받는 동사는 수동에서 두 형태.

능동: People say that he is honest.

수동 A (it 가주어): It is said that he is honest.
수동 B (주절 주어 진주어 + to부정사): He is said to be honest.

능동: They believe that she has lived in Paris.
A: It is believed that she has lived in Paris.
B: She is believed to have lived in Paris. (완료부정사 — 5-5)

A 가 더 흔하고 자연.

대표 문장 (외우기)

I was made to clean my room, and he was seen to enter the building.

나는 (엄마에 의해) 방을 청소하게 됐고, 그는 (목격자에 의해) 건물에 들어가는 것이 목격되었다.

was made to clean (사역 수동 + to 부활) + was seen to enter (지각 수동 + to 부활). 핵심 패턴.